W dniu 31.03.2022 o 14:52, Olin pisze:

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> Podsumowując, był wybuch, ale nie 'jądrowy',

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Fizzled nuclear explosion hypothesis

The force of the second explosion and the ratio of xenon radioisotopes
released after the accident led Yuri V. Dubasov in 2009 to theorise that
the second explosion could have been an extremely fast nuclear power
transient resulting from core material melting in the absence of its
water coolant and moderator. Dubasov argued that there was no delayed
supercritical increase in power but a runaway prompt criticality which
would have developed much faster. He felt the physics of this would be
more similar to the explosion of a fizzled nuclear weapon, and it
produced the second explosion.[105] His evidence came from Cherepovets,
Vologda Oblast, Russia, 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) northeast of
Chernobyl, where physicists from the V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute
measured anomalous high levels of xenon-135--a short half-life
isotope--four days after the explosion. This meant that a nuclear event
in the reactor may have ejected xenon to higher altitudes in the
atmosphere than the later fire did, allowing widespread movement of
xenon to remote locations.[106] This was an alternative to the more
accepted explanation of a positive-feedback power excursion where the
reactor disassembled itself by steam explosion.[6][105]

The more energetic second explosion, which produced the majority of the
damage, was estimated by Dubasov in 2009 as equivalent to 40 billion
joules of energy, the equivalent of about 10 tons of TNT. Both his 2009
and 2017 analyses argue that the nuclear fizzle event, whether producing
the second or first explosion, consisted of a prompt chain reaction that
was limited to a small portion of the reactor core, since
self-disassembly occurs rapidly in fizzle events.[105][107][108]

Dubasov's nuclear fizzle hypothesis was examined in 2017 by physicist
Lars-Erik De Geer who put the hypothesized fizzle event as the more
probable cause of the first explosion.[107][109][110]

De Geer commented:

"We believe that thermal neutron mediated nuclear explosions at the
bottom of a number of fuel channels in the reactor caused a jet of
debris to shoot upwards through the refuelling tubes. This jet then
rammed the tubes' 350kg plugs, continued through the roof and travelled
into the atmosphere to altitudes of 2.5-3km where the weather conditions
provided a route to Cherepovets. The steam explosion which ruptured the
reactor vessel occurred some 2.7 seconds later."[106]